Navigating the complex landscape of US visas offers exciting opportunities for Nigerians aiming to travel, work, or settle in the United States. Whether it's for a short visit or a permanent move, understanding the different types of visas for the US is crucial. 

Here at Afriex, we facilitate easy money transfers from the USA and beyond to Africa. We know that the US immigration process is not always the easiest to understand. Consequently, this guide delves into the distinctions between nonimmigrant and immigrant visas. Having a Nigerian point of view, we also touch on the different aspects of the US visa application process.

US Visa Types: Nonimmigrant vs. Immigrant Visas

On the one hand, nonimmigrant visas are temporary. They cater to individuals intending to visit the US for a specific purpose and duration. These include travel visas in the US for tourism or business (B1/B2 visas), study visas for different types of students (F1, M1, J1), and work visas for professional engagements (H, L, O, P, R). Although temporary, many nonimmigrant visas offer options to extend your stay or transition to permanent residency under the right circumstances.

On the other hand, immigrant visas—or US green cards—open the door to permanent residency. These visas are often based on family ties or employment offers in the US. The journey to securing a green card is generally longer and more complex than that for a nonimmigrant visa.

Nonimmigrant Visas: Detailed Overview of US Travel Visas

US travel visas, also known as nonimmigrant visas, are a popular choice among Nigerians who wish to travel, work, or study in the US. Although temporary and for nonimmigrant purposes, as the name says, obtaining one of these US visas can often be the first step of a comprehensive immigration process.

US Visitor Visas

For short visits to the US, there are primarily two types of visitor visas:

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• B1 Visa for Business Visitors: This visa is tailored for individuals participating in business activities such as consulting with associates, attending conferences, or negotiating contracts. The B1 visa typically allows a stay of up to six months, with possibilities for extension under certain conditions.
• B2 Tourist Visa: Known as the leisure visa, the B2 is ideal for those visiting the US for tourism, visiting family or friends, or for medical treatment. Similar to the B1, the duration of stay is usually six months but can be extended upon application approval.
• Q1 Cultural Exchange Visa: This less common visa enables participants to engage in cultural exchange programs that provide practical training and employment while sharing the history, culture, and traditions of their home country with the US.

Nonimmigrant Family Visas in the US

Family visas under the nonimmigrant category allow relatives to visit or accompany family members who are in the US on a temporary basis:

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• K1 Fiancé Visa: This visa allows a fiancé(e) of a US citizen to enter the US with the intention of getting married within 90 days of arrival. After the marriage, the spouse can apply for adjustment of status to a permanent resident.
• K3 Spouse Visa: For spouses of US citizens, the K3 visa permits the spouse to enter the US while awaiting approval of the immigrant visa petition. It helps to reduce the time couples are apart while their visas are processed.
• K2 and K4 Visas: These are for the dependent children of K1 and K3 visa holders, allowing them to enter and stay in the US along with their parents.

US Study Visas

The US attracts a significant number of international students each year, facilitated by several visa types:

• F1 Visa: For academic students enrolled in accredited educational institutions. This includes universities, colleges, high schools, private elementary schools, and other academic institutions. F1 visa holders can work on campus up to 20 hours a week during term time and full-time during holidays.
• M1 Visa: Aimed at students enrolled in non-academic or vocational study or training at US institutions. For more information, visit the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). This program monitors all the different types of US study visas.
• J1 Visa: This visa is for individuals approved to participate in work- and study-based exchange visitor programs. It includes categories like au pairs, summer work travel, interns, and more. Dependents of J1 visa holders can apply for J2 visas, which may permit them to study and, in some cases, work in the US.
• Dependent Visas (F2, M2, J2): These visas allow the spouses and children of F1, M1, and J1 visa holders to reside in the US during the primary visa holder's course of study or assignment.

Nonimmigrant Work Visas for the US

A wide array of work visas are available to accommodate different professional activities and employment scenarios in the US:

• H1B Visa (Specialty Occupations): This visa is designed for skilled professionals in occupations that require at least a bachelor's degree or equivalent in fields such as IT, finance, engineering, architecture, and more.
• H2A and H2B Visas (Seasonal Workers): The H2A visa is for agricultural workers, while the H2B visa is for non-agricultural workers in industries like hospitality, construction, and landscaping.
• L1 Visa (Intra-company Transferees): Employees of international companies with offices both abroad and in the USA can relocate to the US branch for temporary periods.
• O1 Visa (Extraordinary Ability): For individuals with extraordinary ability or achievement in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim.
• P Visas (Athletes, Artists, and Entertainers): These visas cater to specific types of performers such as P1A for internationally recognized athletes, P1B for members of internationally recognized entertainment groups, P2 for artists or entertainers in reciprocal exchange programs, and P3 for artists or entertainers in culturally unique programs.
• R1 Visa (Religious Workers): This visa is available to clergy and other workers in religious vocations or occupations coming to work for a non-profit religious organization in the USA.

Dependent Visas:

For many of the work visa categories, there are also provisions for dependent visas, allowing family members to accompany or join the primary visa holder in the US:

• H4 Visa: Issued to the spouse and dependent children (under 21 years of age) of H1B, H2A, H2B, and H3 visa holders, allowing them to live in the US during the primary holder's authorized stay. H4 visa holders can apply for work authorization under certain conditions.
• L2 Visa: Spouses and dependent children of L1 visa holders can obtain L2 visas. Spouses on L2 visas can apply for work authorization, enabling them to work without restriction in the US, while dependent children can study but are not permitted to work.
• O3 Visa: Granted to the spouses and children of O1 visa holders, the O3 visa allows family members to accompany the primary visa holder, although they are not permitted to work in the US.
• P4 Visa: For the spouses and children of P visa holders (P1, P2, P3), this visa permits dependents to join the principal visa holder in the US. While P4 visa holders can attend school, they are not eligible to work.

Each type of visa has specific requirements, application procedures, and conditions for stay. Applicants must ensure they meet all criteria and follow the correct procedures to enhance their chances of approval.

The Visa Waiver Program

An interesting aspect of US visa policies is the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). This program allows nationals from 41 participating countries to enter the US for up to 90 days without a visa. However, Nigeria is not part of this program, meaning a visa is necessary for Nigerians to travel to the US.

Understanding these pathways and requirements can significantly impact your travel or migration plans. Whether seeking a temporary stay or a new home in the US, each visa type provides a unique set of opportunities and requirements. This guide aims to clarify these options and help you navigate the application process effectively. Keep reading to discover what a US green card is and how you can apply to get one.

Immigrant Visas: Types of US Green Cards

There are several ways and scenarios in which Nigerians can apply for a green card in the US.

Employment-Based Green Cards:

The pathway to a United States green card through employment encompasses five preference categories, each tailored to specific qualifications:

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• EB1 Visa (First Preference): This visa is for individuals with extraordinary abilities in arts, sciences, business, athletics, or education, and does not require a specific job offer if applicants can prove they will continue their work in the US Also included are outstanding professors and researchers recognized internationally, and multinational managers or executives who have been employed abroad by the same employer, its affiliate, or subsidiary.
• EB2 Visa (Second Preference): Designed for professionals holding advanced degrees or persons with exceptional ability in arts, sciences, or business who can significantly benefit the US This category often requires a labor certification and a job offer, although candidates may self-petition for a National Interest Waiver if their work has substantial merit.
• EB3 Visa (Third Preference): Includes skilled workers with at least two years of job experience or training, professionals with a bachelor's degree, and other workers in non-skilled roles requiring less than two years of training. All must have visa sponsorship jobs and labor certification.
• EB4 Visa (Fourth Preference): For "special immigrants," which include religious workers, employees of US foreign service posts, retired employees of international organizations, and others specified by Congress.
• EB5 Visa (Fifth Preference): Known as the Immigrant Investor Program, this visa requires foreigners to invest $900,000 to $1.8 million in a US enterprise that must create at least ten new full-time jobs. It's a direct route to a green card in the USA for investors and their families.

Family-Based Green Cards

Family connections provide another major avenue to obtain a US green card, split into immediate relative visas and family preference visas:

• Immediate Relatives (IR Visas): These visas have no annual cap, which facilitates relatively quicker processing. Categories include:
  • IR1 Visa: For the spouse of a US citizen.
  • IR2 Visa: For unmarried children under 21 of a US citizen.
  • IR3 Visa: For children adopted abroad by a US citizen.
  • IR4 Visa: For children to be adopted within the US by a US citizen.
  • IR5 Visa: For parents of a US citizen who is at least 21 years old.
• Family Preference Visas (F Visas): These are subject to annual quotas and typically have longer waiting periods. They include:
  • F1 Visa: For unmarried adult sons and daughters of US citizens.
  • F2A Visa: For spouses and minor children of permanent residents.
  • F2B Visa: For unmarried adult children of permanent residents.
  • F3 Visa: For married children of US citizens, along with their spouses and minor children.
  • F4 Visa: For siblings of US citizens, along with their spouses and minor children, provided the US citizen is at least 21 years old.

Diversity Visa Program (US Green Card Lottery)

The Diversity Visa Program, also known as the US green card lottery, is a government-sponsored opportunity allowing up to 50,000 individuals from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States to obtain a residency visa. Applicants must meet eligibility criteria that include a minimum of a high school education or equivalent, or two years of work experience in a qualifying occupation. The selection of applicants is random, emphasizing the program's lottery nature. This program is critical for many seeking an American green card without family or employment sponsorship. Unfortunately, in the last years, Nigerians were ineligible to apply for the US Green Card Lottery. This is because more than 50,000 Nigerians successfully immigrated to the USA in less than 5 years.

Whether through employment, family ties, or the lottery, securing a green card in the USA opens doors to numerous opportunities. Each visa category has specific requirements and benefits, making it essential to understand the best path to achieving permanent residency in the US. Understanding these categories and preparing thoroughly can significantly enhance your chances of success in your US visa application process.

How Much Are Visas from Nigeria to the USA?

When planning to apply for a US visa in Nigeria, understanding the fee structure is crucial. These fees vary depending on the type of visa you are applying for and are mandatory for processing your visa application.

Nonimmigrant Visa Fees

1. Visitor Visas (B1/B2):
   • Cost: $185
   • These visas cover business and tourism purposes.
2. Student and Exchange Visitor Visas (F, M, J):
   • Cost: $185, unless the J visa is sponsored by the US government.
   • F and M visas are for academic and vocational studies, respectively, while J visas cover approved cultural exchange programs.
3. Work Visas:
   • H Visas (Temporary Workers): $205
   • L Visas (Intra-company Transferees): $205
   • O Visas (Individuals with Extraordinary Ability): $205
   • P Visas (Athletes, Artists, and Entertainers): $205
   • Q Visa (Cultural Exchange): $205
   • R Visa (Religious Workers): $205
   • These fees apply to visas requiring a US entity to file a petition on behalf of the applicant.
4. K Visas (Fiancé(e) or Spouse of US Citizen):
   • Cost: $265
   • This fee is specifically for those engaged or married to US citizens.
5. E Visas (Treaty Traders and Investors):
   • Cost: $315
   • E visas are designed for traders and investors under treaties between the United States and the applicant's country.

Additional Fees

• SEVIS Fee: For F, M, and J visas, a SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) fee is required. The SEVIS fee is $350 for F and M visas and $220 for most J visa applicants.
• Fraud Prevention and Detection Fee: This $500 fee is applicable only for first-time principal L visa applicants and must be paid during the visa interview.

Immigrant Visa Fees

1. Family-Based Green Cards:
   • Cost: $325 for processing the immigrant visa application.
   • This fee is part of the total cost, which includes a petition fee (Form I-130) of $675.
2. Employment-Based Green Cards (EB1-5):
   • Cost: $345 for processing the employment-based immigrant visa application.
   • Additional fees include a $715 fee to file the I-140 petition.
3. Diversity Visa Program (Green Card Lottery):
   • Cost: $330 for the application. 
   • This is a flat fee for those randomly selected in the lottery process. Remember, Nigeria is not currently eligible to participate in this program!

How to Pay US Visa Fees in Nigeria

Visa application fees must be paid before your interview at the US Embassy or Consulate. In Nigeria, payments are typically made at designated banks, or online if the applicant is registering through the official visa application website. Always keep the receipt as proof of payment, as it's required during your visa interview.

Remember, US visa fees are non-refundable and non-transferable, even if your visa application is denied. It's crucial to ensure you are applying for the correct visa type and that all your documentation is accurately prepared to avoid unnecessary complications. For the most up-to-date information and any changes to visa fees, always refer to the official US Embassy website in Nigeria or contact their visa services support center.

Documents and Requirements for US Visa Application in Nigeria

Applying for a US visa from Nigeria involves a meticulous process that requires gathering specific documents and meeting set requirements. Understanding which visa type is best for you and what is necessary for your application is crucial to improve your chances of approval. In the next section, we present the general process for an online nonimmigrant visa application.

Required Documents for a US Visa Application

When preparing to apply for a US visa in Nigeria, you will need the following essential documents:

1. Valid Passport: Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended period of stay in the United States.
2. Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-160: Fill out and submit this form online before scheduling your visa interview.
3. Passport Photo: You will need one recent color passport photo meeting US visa requirements.
4. Proof of Fee Payment: A receipt proving payment of the visa application fee, necessary for scheduling your interview.
5. Interview Confirmation Page: This confirms that you have scheduled an interview.

Depending on the type of visa, additional documents may be required:

• For student visas: Admission letter from a US school and SEVIS fee receipt.
• For work visas in the USA: Sponsorship job from a US employer and relevant qualifications.
• For the US green card lottery: Proof of application submission and eligibility.
• For family-based visas: Evidence of relationship with the US petitioner (e.g., marriage or birth certificates).

Scheduling Your US Visa Appointment in Nigeria

To schedule a US visa appointment, you must:

1. Fill the DS-160 form online.
2. Pay the visa application fee and keep the receipt.
3. Schedule your visa appointment online or through the call center.

Appointments are held at the US Embassy in Abuja or the US Consulate in Lagos. It's essential to schedule your appointment as early as possible due to high demand.

The Visa Interview Process

The visa interview is a critical component of your application. It is conducted at the US embassy or consulate where you scheduled your appointment. Here’s what to expect:

1. Arrival and Security Check: Arrive early, as you will go through a security screening.
2. Document Verification: Be prepared to present all your original documents, including financial evidence and ties to Nigeria, which prove you will return after your visit to the USA.
3. Interview: The consular officer will ask questions about your trip, your ties to Nigeria, and your financial situation. Answer honestly and clearly.

More Tips for a Successful US Visa Interview

• Documentation: Organize your documents and bring all required evidence. Ensure all documents are complete and accurately reflect your intent.
• Preparation: Understand the types of questions that may be asked and prepare concise, but full answers. Be honest and straightforward during your visa interview.
• Presentation: Dress neatly and professionally, showing respect for the process. Have confidence in yourself, showing that you have a hold of your character.
• Punctuality: Arrive on time for your appointment to avoid any stress or complication. Follow the specific procedures given for your visa appointment in Lagos or Abuja.

After the Interview

If your visa is approved, your passport and visa will be delivered via courier. If denied, you will be informed of the reason and provided with the next steps if applicable.

By carefully preparing and understanding the requirements, you enhance your chances of a successful US visa application from Nigeria.

Bottom Line

Nowadays, traveling and working in the US is a very appealing opportunity for Nigerians and other Africans. Many choose to work from abroad and send money to Africa to help support their families back home. 

Whether you live in Nigeria and need to send money to Ghana, or you are in the USA and want to transfer money to Nigeria, Afriex makes the whole process easy and secure. Download the app today, and earn $20 per referral when telling your friends about us!